To see the answers, use the mouse to highlight over the answers.
Q: Which drugs give you heterochromia iridis?
A: Prostaglandin Analogues (Latanoprost, Bimatoprost, Travoprost)
Q: Which drug is used to treat a patient with both Schizophrenia and Bipolar?
A: Asenapine (D2, 5HT-2 Antagonist)
Q: Which drug gives you nasal congestion?
A: Iloperidone (Second generation schizophrenia drug, D2/5HT2 Antagonist)
Q: Which class of drugs give you hoarseness and thrush?
A: Steroids (i.e. those used in asthma. They give you thrush because they immunosuppress)
Q: Which drug do you use to treat seasonal allergies?
A: Fluticasone propionate (asthma steroid)
Q: Which drug gives you QT prolongation?
A: Ziprasodone, Iloperidone (second generation schizophrenia drug), Apomorphine (emetic, parkinson)
Q: What does ipratropium treat? What’s the adverse effect? Mode of action?
A: Asthma, COPD. AE: dry mouth. MOA: muscarinic blocker.
Q: Which second generation schizophrenia drug do you have little EPS?
A: Clozapine, because only 40-50% drug work on nigrostriatal D2 pathway.
Q: What drugs do leukotriene modifiers increase?
A: warfarin, theophylline, and terfenadine.
Q: What’s the difference between terfenadine and terbutaline?
A: Terfenadine - Second gen antihistamine Rx Allergies.
Terbutaline - B2 agonist Rx Asthma.
Q: What’s the difference between bupropion and buspirone?
A: Bupropion - NE/DA Reuptake inhibitor. Rx Smoking, Depression.
Buspirone - 5HT-1A partial agonist post-synaptically and full agonist pre-synaptically (autoreceptor). Rx Anxiety.
Q: What’s the difference between Cimetidine and Cetirizine?
A: Cimetidine - Rx Peptic Ulcers. Gives you gynecomastia because binds testosterone receptor.
Cetirizine - Rx Allergies. Second gen antihistamine (H1 specific). Kids metabolize it faster.
Q: What is “History on TLC”?
A: Terfenadine, Loratadine, Cetirizine – Second generation antihistamines.
Q: What do you treat with Cisapride?
A: 5HT4 agonist –> increase GI motility –> Rx GERD. AE: Fatal arrythmias.
Q: What anti-emetic drug is a muscarinic antagonist?
A: Hyoscine
Q: Which anti-emetic drugs work only in vestibular nucleus and not CTZ (and therefore only treat Motion Sickness)?
A: Cinnarizine, Cyclizine, Promethazine, Hyoscine.
Q: What are Endothelin-1 blockers used for?
A: Rx Pulmonary Hypertension.
Q: Which endothelin-1 blocker blocks both alpha and beta endothelin?
A: Bosentan.
Q: What drug do you use if you use too much phenylephrine?
A: Thymoxamine, Dapiprazole – Alpha-1 antagonists – reverses pupil dilation from phenylephrine, a glaucoma drug.
Q: What is the best class of drugs for glaucoma?
A: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors – Acetazolamide, Methazolamide, Dichlorphenamide, Dorzalamide, Brinzolamide. They all have zol or zal except dichlorphenamide.
Q: Which drugs dehydrates vitreous body?
A: Glycerine (100% IV), Mannitol (20% IV)
Q: When is carbonic anhydrase inhibitors contraindicated for glaucoma?
A: Sulpha allergies (i.e. allergic to penicillin), Digoxin use, pregnancy.
Q: Which glaucoma drug is an alpha-1 agonist?
A: Phenylephrine – constricts vessels –> decrease aqueous humor production –> Rx congestion.
Q: Which glaucoma drugs are alpha-2 agonists?
A: Brimonidine, apraclonidine (negative feedback –> decrease aqueous humor production, increase outflow)
Q: Which drug is used to treat both glaucoma and eyelash lice?
A: Physostigmine – anticholinesterase – increase ACh – constrict pupillary sphincter –> increase outflow through trabecular meshwork.
Q: Which drug is an irreversible cholinergic agonist for Rx of Glaucoma?
A: Phosphate Iodide. AE – Apnea (can’t dilate bronchioles)
Q: What drugs do you use for fundoscopy and glaucoma?
A: You want’ to dilate the eyes, so you use cholinergic antagonists – paralyze sphincter muscles: Tropicamide (shortest acting).
Q: Which heavy metal gives you erethism (red palms)?
A: Elemental Mercury.
Q: Which fecal-bulking drug do you not give to patients with renal stones?
A: Calcium Polycarbophil – because it has calcium.
Q: Which heavy metal interferes with Vitamine D Synthesis in renal tubular cells?
A: Lead –> brittle bones, growth arrest in kids.
Q: Which local anaesthesia gives you methemoglobin as an adverse effect?
A: Prilocaine.
Q: Local anaesthetics are metabolized by what?
A: Ester are metabolized by plasma cholinesterase.
Amides are metabolized by CYP450.
Q: All local anaesthetics are vasodilators except…?
A: Cocaine – vasoconstrictor. Because most are vasodilators, the duration of action is short, so you co-give it with a constrictor, like epinephrine.
Q: What drug do you use to treat Schizoaffective disorder?
A: Paliperidone – the active metabolite of Risperidone, a second generation schizophrenia drug.
Q: Which drugs give you diplopia?
A: Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Lamotrigine, and Gabapentin
Q: Which drugs do you use to treat Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome?
A: Lamotrigine, Felbamate, and Topiramate
Q: Which drugs give you aplastic anemia?
A: Ethosuxamide, Felbamate.
Q: What drug treats status epilepticus?
A: Benzodiazepine.
Q: What drug gives you glaucoma?
A: Atomoxetine (Rx ADHD), Topiramate (Rx Epilepsy)
Q: What drug gives you retinal pigmentation?
A: Thioridazine, which is a piperidine, which is a phenothiazine, which is a first generation schizophrenia drug).
Q: What’s the most potent first generation schizophrenia drug?
A: Haloperidol.
Q: Which drugs do you use to treat post-herpetic neuralgia?
A: Pregabalin and Gabapentin
Q: Which drugs do you use to treat trigeminal neuralgia (Tic Delaroux)
A: Carbamazepine
Q: Which drugs do you use to treat ADHD?
A: SAGO – Stimulants, Atomoxetine, Guanfacine, Others (Bupropion, TCA, clonidine)
Q: What is a sign of opiate overdose? opiate withdrawal?
A: Overdose – respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils.
Withdrawal – restlessness, dilated pupils.
Q: What is the maintenance drug to treat opioid-dependent patients?
A: Buprenorphine – because it has a long half-life.
Q: Which drugs block NMDA (decrease glutamate)?
A: Memantine (Alzheimer drug), Phencyclidine (illicit drug)
Q: Which COMT inhibitor gives you hepatotoxicity?
A: Tolcapone (Rx Parkinson).
Q: Which MAO-B inhibitor gives you hepatotoxicity?
A: Rasagiline (Rx Parkinson).
Q: What do you use to treat steroid dependence?
A: Troleandomycin, Cyclosporin, Gold, Methotrexate.
Q: Which schizophrenia drug gives you cataracts?
A: Quetiapine – second generation schizophrenia drug.
Q: Which anti-diarrheal drug is an opioid agonist?
A: Loperamide – binds mu receptors –> decrease GI motility.
Q: Which serotonin antagonist is used to treat hypertension?
A: Ketanserin – 5HT2 and alpha antagonist.
Q: Which serotonin antagonist is used to treat nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy?
A: Ondansetron – 5HT3 antagonist.
Q: Which antihistamine do you give just once a day?
A: Loratadine.
Q: Which endothelin-1 blocker is a non-sulfonamide?
A: Ambrisentan. Prescribe this if patient is allergic to sulfonamides.
Q: Which drug is a PGE2 analogue?
A: Dinoprostone – relaxes smooth muscle –> induce labor, abortion.
Q: What can you treat with Methysergide and Cyproheptadine?
A: Serotonin Syndrome (Hypertensive crisis), Carcinoid tumor, migraines. They are 5HT-2 antagonists.
Q: Which antacid gives you diarrhea?
A: Magnesium Hydroxide.
Q: What do you use to treat Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?
A: Too much gastrin. Rx with H2 receptor antagonists (Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Nizatidine, Famotidine) or Proton Pump inhibitor (Omeprazole).
Q: Which H2 receptor antagonist gives you gynecomastia?
A: Cimetidine.
Q: What does lactulose treat?
A: Constipation, Hepatic encephalopathy. It is an osmotic agent.
Q: Which IBD drug is not only an anti-inflammatory but also an anti-bacterial?
A: Sulfasalazine
Q: Which IBD drugs are coated (so they don’t release until get to colon)?
A: Mesalamine, Budesonide – slow acting.
Q: Which IBD drug is an antispasmodic?
A: Dicyclomine
Q: Which type of serotonin receptors do ergot alkaloids block?
A: 5HT-1 and 2
Q: Which cholinergic antagonists are used to treat peptic ulcers?
A: Propantheline, Isopropamide, Scopolamine. “To be anti-colin, scolding is proper.”
Q: Sulcralfate requires what?
A: H+, to crosslink into polymer –> bind to exposed protein in ulcer.
Q: What is the most potent corticosteroid in the treatment of glaucoma?
A: Fluorometholone – potency of 40-50. Vs. hydrocortisone (potency 1)
Q: Which heavy metal gives you thirst, garlic taste?
A: Arsenic
Q: Which drugs gives you Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?
A: Carbamazepine and Lamotrigine (“Steve likes carbs and lambs”)
Q: What happens if you eat antifreeze?
A: Ethylene glycol – renal failure
Q: What happens if you eat windshield wiper fluid?
A: Methanol – blindness
Q: Which substances give you metabolic acidosis?
A: methanol, Ethylene glycol.
Q: How do you treat methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning?
A: Rx metabolic acidosis with NaHCO3 (base).
Inhibit metabolism with EtOH
Increase elimination with Folic Acid.
Q: What beta-2 agonist is used as a preventative drug for asthma?
A: Salmeterol – long lasting.
Q: What is the primary adverse effect of SSRI?
A: Sexual dysfunction.
Q: Which second generation schizophrenic drug gives you the most weight gain?
A: Clozapine. Olanzapine gives you a lot too.
Q: Which drugs treat Restless Legs Syndrome?
A: Asenapine (second gen schizophrenic drug),Ropinirole, Pramipexole (DA agonists used in Parkinson).
Q: Which Parkinson drug is used as a “rescue treatment” during the “off” periods of levadopa?
A: Apomorphine.
Q: What form of Iron is 90% absorbed?
A: Ferrous (Fe++) iron.
Q: What are you testing with the Schilling Test?
A: Pernicious Anemia (8-35% radioactive B12 in urine means normal)
Q: How many days does it take fiber to be effective?
A: 2-4 days.
Q: Which drug gives you oral hypoesthesia?
A: Asenapine
Q: Which drugs are P450 Inhibitors?
A: PICK EGS – Protease inhibitors, Isoniazid, Cimetidine, Ketonazoles (all azoles), Erythromycin, Grapefruit Juice, Sulfonamides
Q: Which drugs induce P450?
A: “Car Bar et Phen Fam” – Carbamazepine, Barbiturates, EtOH, Phenytoin, Rifampin.
Q: What’s the half-life of Cadmium?
A: 30 years
Q: What do you get with cadmium toxicity?
A: Bronchospasm and Hemoptysis –> Tubular and globerular damage –> Osteomalacia and Osteoporosis.
Q: What does Cadmium do that is toxic?
A: It displaces metals from metalloenzymes.
Q: What is the adverse effect of B12 treatment for Pernicious Anemia?
A: Hypokalemia. Eat bananas!
Q: What IBD treatment is a TNF-alpha inhibitor?
A: Infliximab
Q: What is the drug of choice for IBD?
A: Sulfasalazine
Q: What do you use to treat Crohn’s Disease with fistula?
A: Cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant.
Q: How do you calculate how much iron you need?
A: Iron needed (g) = (15 – Hb/g%) x body weight (kg) x 3
Q: What do you use for GERD treatment?
A: Antiemetics that are also promotility agents — Domperidone and Metoclopramide, which both antagonize DA.
Q: What are the monoamine depleters?
A: Tetrabenazine and Reserpine — used in Huntington Disease.
Q: What do you give with Levodopa?
A: Carbidopa, which blocks AAD and prevents Levodopa (lipid-soluble) from becoming Dopamine before reach brain.
Q: What do you use amantadine for?
A: Parkinson Disease — pretends to be DA.
Q: What are the AChEIs?
A: “Don’t Remember Good Times” – Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine, Tacrine (which isn’t used much anymore) — treats Alzheimer Disease.
Q: What M-1 antagonists do you use to treat Parkinsons?
A: Trihexyphenidyl and Benztropine. Decrease ACh –> Decrease GABA –> Increase DA.